论社会网络结构对个体行动者的限制——以中国社会关系网运作为例

ON THE RESTRICTION OF THE SOCIAL NETWORK STRUCTURE ON INDIVIDUALS——Taking the Working of China's Social Network for Example

辩证地对社会网络进行功能定位,以中国社会关系网运作对个体行动产生的限制为例分析社会网络结构。社会网络的结构观是一种在动态中谋求个人的理性选择与集体网的制约间建立沟通桥梁的互动过程。一方面个人在社会网中游刃有余地发挥个体能动性;另一方面个体又是嵌入社会结构中的,个人的自由余地受到人际关系网的制约,呈现一种"结构化"的过程。个体可以利用社会网络的"桥"应对网络结构对个体的限制,在多重的网络关系中展现个体的能动性。

The purpose of this article is to position the function of social network dialectically and to analyze social network structure by taking the restrictions of the working of China＇s social network on individuals. The structure of social network is an interactive process which builds a communication bridge between the rational choice of individuals and the restrictions of collective network. On one hand, individuals display their dynamic roles; on the other hand, individuals are integrated in the social structure and their freedom is restricted by the interpersonal relation network, displaying the process of ＂structurization＂. Individuals can make use of the ＂bridge ＂ of social network to tackle the restrictions of network structure on individuals so as to display their dynamic roles in the network.