论跨文化教学中文化冲突的类型及深层缘由

Types and Deep Causes of Cultural Conflicts in Cross-cultural Instruction

跨文化冲突主要是指来自不同国家的两种或者几种异质文化之间由于不一致、不和谐而产生的显性或隐性的对抗。以生成和读解的意义对象作为分类的标准,跨文化冲突有三种类型,即对象型冲突、关系型冲突以及活动型冲突。各文化之间内在的差异以及各文化按照自身的文化属性表达的目的性行为构成了跨文化冲突的内在根源。文化作为人们共享的意义体系,其核心表现为价值观。"人的本性、人与自然、人与他人、人与空间以及人与时间的关系"与跨文化教学紧密联系,这几个维度可以帮助我们理解中西价值观的差异。

Cross-cuhural conflicts mainly refer to the explict and implict oppositions resulted from the inconsistence and inharmony between two or more different cultures of different countries. With the target generated and interpreted as the standard, the cross-cultural conflicts can be classified into three types, namely, the conflicts of targets, relationships and activities. The internal difference between different cultures as well as the behaviour with an aim determined by the different features of different cultures serve as the root causes of cross-cultural conflicts. Culture is a meaning system owned by all the people with the values as its core. Man＇s natural instincts and nature, man and others, man and space, man and time are the dimensions closely related to cross-cultural instruction, which can help us under- stand the different views of value between the west and China.