动词词义在结构中的游移与实现——兼议动宾结构的语义关系问题

Realization of verb meanings in certain Chinese constructions with reference to the verb-object semantic relation in VO constructions

关于汉语动宾结构的语义关系即宾语成分的语义类型,一直争议不绝,这与人们一味以动词为恒定的语义坐标考察宾语的语义身份,以述语动词单向地支配宾语成分这样一种句法观念为研究的出发点有关。语言结构是一个有机的整体,整体与部分及部分与部分之间不仅存在着相互配合、相互制约的依存关系,而且存在着相互影响、相互调整的互动关系,结构成分的意义和功能正是在这种依存和互动关系的作用下得到实现的。有些动词进入动宾结构时尚处于"语义未完全指定"状态,最终在结构中所实现的语义是"语义互动"和"语义合成"的结果,其句法功能是与其在语言结构中所实现的语义联系在一起的,对动宾结构的语义关系,对宾语成分的语义身份,都应当在这样的层面上进行考察。

The unresolved controversies over the verb-object semantic relation in Chinese VO constructions are rooted in the syntactic perspective that the verb in a sentence is constantly the core in determining the semantic role of the object and that the verb predicate unidirectionally governs the object constituent.However,language construction is such an organic whole that not only the constituents occur within the construction in harmony with one another,but also the part and whole of the construction interfere with each other.In certain contemporary Chinese constructions verbs are not wholly semantically designated before their meanings are realized as a result of the semantic interaction and integration between the verbs and other constituents.The syntactic function of the verbs is indissolubly linked with their realized meanings in the constructions.