弄岗熊猴的活动节律和活动时间分配

Activity patterns and time budgets of the Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis in the Longgang Nature Reserve,China

2005年9月至2006年9月,采用瞬时扫描取样法,在弄岗国家级自然保护区对野生熊猴(Macaca assamensis)进行了连续跟踪观察,收集相关的活动节律和活动时间分配的数据,通过分析其与气候及食物组成的关系,从中探讨影响熊猴活动节律及活动时间分配的因素。研究结果发现:在熊猴的日活动节律中,觅食活动表现为逐渐增强的趋势,最高峰值出现在下午15:00,休息活动在中午出现一个小的高峰;其日活动节律表现出明显的季节性差异,主要表现为旱季大部分时间段的觅食强度均高于雨季,且早上7:00-10:00出现一段长时间的休息,而雨季里长时间的休息则发生在中午12:00-14:00;在活动时间分配上,熊猴平均花费39.6%时间用于休息,33.2%用于移动,18.3%用于摄食,5.1%用于理毛,2.4%用于玩耍,1.4%用于其他行为,其活动时间分配也表现出明显的季节性差异;与雨季相比,在旱季熊猴明显增加用于觅食的时间,而相应地减少用于休息的时间,活动时间分配的季节性变化明显与食物组成的变化有关;在不同年龄组个体间,青少年猴花费更多的时间用于玩耍,而用于休息和理毛的时间明显少于成年猴。

Activity patterns and time budgets of assamese macaquaes Maeaca assamensis in the Longgang Nature Reserve, China, were studied between September 2005 and september 2006, The diurnal activity patterns of Assamese macaques showed a steady rise in the proportion of time devoted to feeding, which peaked at 15：00 p. m., with a midday small resting peak. There were significant variations in the diurnal activity patterns of Assamese macaques according to season. Monkeys spent more time foeding in the dry season than in the rainy season. A resting peak occurred between 07：00 h and 10：（30 h during the dry season. In the rainy season, there was a long resting peak between 10：00 h and 12! 00 h, During the study period, monkeys spent an average of 3,9,%,resting 33.2% moving, 18.3% feeding, 5.1% grooming, 2,4% playing and 1.4% for other behaviors, respectively ： Their time budgets showed significant seasonal varigtions a greator proportion of time was spent on feeding and less time 9n resfing in the dry season than in the rainy season, Activity patternst also differed among various sex-age classes： immatures spent more time playing, whereas adults devoted more time to resting and grooming .