营养和幼期密度对棉铃虫飞翔能力的影响

EFFECTS OF FOOD QUALITY AND LARVAL DENSITY ON FLIGHT CAPACITY OF COTTON BOLLWORM

采自棉花、玉米、花生、绿豆和芝麻5种作物上的棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera（Hubner），其飞翔能力依次为：棉花和玉米＞花生＞绿豆和芝麻。对室内利用人工饲料、棉铃、棉蕾和棉叶饲养的棉铃虫吊飞表明，取食人工饲料和棉铃的个体的飞翔能力数倍于取食棉叶者。成虫体重越大，飞翔能力越强。获得补充营养个体的飞翔距离是无补充营养者的2倍左右。本试验还研究了食物质量对棉铃虫卵巢发育的影响，结果显示成虫期的补充营养明显影响幼期营养较差个体的卵巢发育进程。对不同幼虫密度下发育个体的吊飞则表明成虫的飞翔能力和幼期密度关系不大。鉴于较差的营养条件和较高的幼期密度并不导致成虫飞翔能力的增加，本文认为，棉铃虫的远距离运动是成虫对羽化阶段不良环境的行为反应。

The flight capacity of adult cotton bollworms Helicaverpa armlerra (Hubner) developed from the larvae collected separately from cotton, corn, peanut, mungbean and sesame fields and from those fed separately on cotton leaf, square and boll and artificial diet were tested. The result indicated that the order of host plants and diets in relation to flight capacity of adult followed cotton (boll>square>leaf) /corn>peanut>mungbean/sesame and artificial dite. In diet series concerning the flight energy of the adults, the effect of the best food may exceed more than two times that of the most inferior food. The flight distance in creased with the body weight of the moth, and the flight capacity of moths with complemen tary nutrition was about two times as much as those without adult nutrition. It was found that the maturation process of eggs in the moths derived from cotton leaf reared larvae was significantly prolonged in comparison with that from cotton boll reared larvae. The result al so showed that the flight capacity of moths was irrelevant to the density of their larvae. Since the flight capacities of moths were not improved by poor food and high density in larval stage, it was suggested that the long-distance movement of cotton bollworm is an important behavioral response of adults to other disadvantageous environmental factors.