试论儒家的乐教思想

On Confucian Idea of Music Education

儒家的治世思想决定了其乐教思想的内容和特点:其一,音乐是士君子必备之修养,儒家仁政理想的体现便是人人懂得礼乐;其二,音乐不仅是娱乐,其本质更是政教,是"礼"的有力补充;其三,"物动心感"而生音乐,音乐是人伦善恶的"象德之音";其四,如同天地阴阳,音乐反映着宇宙的奥秘,渗透着人的灵魂与精神,它是天地万象"有序性"的象征。儒家这种"为人生"的乐教思想使得我国古典艺术在审美风格上,崇尚平和雅正、含蓄蕴藉的美感。

Confucian idea of administering a country determines the characteristics of its idea of music education. First, knowing music is the necessary quality possessed by scholar - officials and reflects Confucian policy of benevolence as well. Secondly, music is not only entertainment but also politics education in essence and powerful supplement to courtesy. Thirdly, music is the creation of outside world touching innermost being and the symbol of morals. Fourthly, as heaven, earth, yin and yang, music shows the mysteries of the universe, the souls and spirits of human and the world~ order. The Confucian ＂for the life＂ idea makes Chinese classical art advocate calmness and standard and reservedness in aesthetic style.