抗真菌植物基因工程的策略和进展

STRATEGIES AND ADVANCES IN ANTIFUNGI GENETIC ENGINEERING OF PLANT

所有高等植物都受多种真菌的侵害,水稻的240多种病害中真菌性痫害占90％。,可见真菌病害是世界范围内危害作物产蘑的主要因素之一,是长期以来作物育种学家一直在努力攻克的难题。

Fungal diseases have been one of the principal causes of crop losses. Breeding of fungus-resistant cultivars of crops has been a difficult problem of the breaders' great concern. The rapid development of genetic engineering of plant plays an active promoting role in identifying, isolating and transferring the fungal resistance genes. After the fungal resistance genes have been transferred to other cultivars and possibly to other species to provide resistance to specific races of fungus pathogens, to date, strategies for control of fungal diseases with genetic engineering of plant have been proposed. These strategies include isolation and transfer of genes encoding antifungal proteins. Plants use various defense mechanics for protecting themselves against pathogenic infection, so that isolate and transfer themselves fungal resistance genes; transfer of the gene coding for phytoalexins synthase; transfer of the gene encoding the inhibitors of fungus enzymes and so on. Recent worldwide achievements in the use of transgenic plants to protect plants from fungal disease are reviewed and strategies for control of fungal diseases with genetic engineering of plant according to physiological function of pathogens, pathogenesis and interaction of plant-pathogenic bacteria were expounded.