中国木材进口贸易环境影响评价及政策选择

Environmental Impact Assessment on the Import Trade of Wood and Strategy Choosing in China

中国已成为世界第二大木材进口国,大量进口木材在一定程度上加速了世界森林资源减少的趋势,因此中国承受着巨大的国际舆论压力。借鉴已有的对不同经营类型森林出产的木材环境影响评价的研究结果,根据中国进口木材的来源国及其国内森林持续经营水平,计算了中国2005年木材进口贸易的环境影响效益值。结果表明,国际上对中国大量进口木材的指责缺乏依据。但是,大力发展人工用材林,走林业可持续发展之路,对中国和世界来说,仍然是双赢的最优策略。而鼓励从持续经营森林国家进口木材是当前的次优策略。

China has been the second wood-import country in the world. Chinese large number of wood imports accelerates the decrease pace of world forest in a certain degree, so recently international public has blamed China frequently. Using the result of the current research on environmental impact assessment of wood, which is from different kinds of forest management, according to the original country of import wood and their domestic sustainable level of forest management, the paper counts the value of environmental impact of Chinese import trade of wood in 2005. The result indicates that the international censure on Chinese wood imports is short of evidence. At the same time it＇s the best strategy to develop manmade forest and guide forestry sustainable development both for China and for the world. And it＇s a second best strategy at present to encourage importing wood from the country whose domestic forest is sustainable managed.