生物技术在棉花育种中的应用

Applications of Biotechnology on the Cotton Breeding

棉花生物技术在细胞工程及基因工程等方面已取得了较大进展。细胞工程中,通过胚珠培养、体细胞培养等技术获得了一些新种质材料;基因工程方面,随着农杆菌介导法、基因枪轰击法及花粉管通道法等技术的突破,在棉花抗病虫害和及抗除草剂等方面的育种获得成功,相应的新品种已开始了商业化生产。我国棉花生物技术在抗棉铃虫等方面达到世界领先水平,其他方面尚有差距。棉花生物技术上应加强基因工程的实效性,同时加大细胞工程的研究力度。本文综述了棉花生物技术的研究历程,总结了其在我国棉花育种中的应用进展和取得的成就,分析了我国棉花生物技术存在的主要问题,提出了相应的发展对策与建议。

Cotton biotechnology is achived mainly in cell engineering and genetic engineering. Many new germplasms are obtained via cell engineering, especilly immature embryo culture and tissue culture. The same time, cotton genetic engineering is succeeded due to progresses of Agrobaterium tumeficiens mediated method, particle bombardment method and pollen-tube pathway. Many transgenic cotton lines, which are acquired different forein genes including pest resistant gene, herbicide resistant gene, are applied in cotton breeding, subsequently, new varieties are commercialized in market. In China, it is advanced on transgenic bollworm resistant cotton in the world, while the others have many things to do. Cotton biotechnolgy should be enhanced on the efficacy of genetic engeering and research of cell engineering. Based on analysis of research history of cotton biotechnology, and national progress and achievements transgenic cotton breeding in China, this article indicates main problems and related solutions in cotton biotechnology, and adivises on its developing Strategy and suggestions.