我国棉花施肥研究进展

Research Progress on Fertilization Technology of Cotton

论述了近50年来我国主要棉区肥料效应的演变及棉花需肥规律和施肥技术等方面的主要进展。指出我国棉花肥料研究与施用大体经历了三个阶段,即上世纪50年代有机肥与氮肥配合施用阶段,60年代有机肥与氮、磷化肥配合施用阶段,70年代以来的有机肥与氮、磷、钾及微量元素肥料平衡施用阶段。同时为了更好地确定合理的施肥时期、施肥量及不同肥料配比,在不同时期相应开展了棉花营养特点与需肥规律研究。

The article discussed the main progress of the evolution of fertilizer effect in main cotton production regions in China, the rule of requirement of fertilization and technique of applying fertilizer, etc. In 1950s, applying organic matter and nitrogen fertilizer could increase yield substantially. Because of the increase in application of nitrogen and cotton yield in 1960s, the lack of soil phosphorus became prominent in a part of cotton-production regions in middle and lower region of the Yangtze River and the effect of phosphorus in calcareous soil appeared gradually in Huanghuaihai cotton-production regions. The lack of potassium became widespread in cotton-production regions in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 1970s and the effect of applying potassium is obvious, but the symptoms of lacking Zn, B, and other trace elements began to appear in part of cotton-production regions. The lack of soil phosphorus became a limitative factor of cotton yield in Huanghuaihai cottonproduction regions, there were striking effects by applying phosphorus fertilizer, especially in middlelow productive farmland of Shandong and Henan. At the same time, there were better production increasing effects by applying potassium fertilizer in Huanghuaihai cotton-production regions and the lack of soil potassium in cotton farmland became increasingly obvious with the increase of applying potassium fertilizer and the area of wheat cotton double cropping. Corresponded with soil nutrient status and the evolution of fertilizer effect, there were three periods during the study and application of fertilization in cotton farmland approximately in China in recent 50 years, the first was the period of combined application of organic matter and nitrogen fertilizer in 1950s, the second was the period of combined application of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in 1960s, the third was the period of balanced application of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements fertilizer after 1970s. At the same time, the studv of nutritive characteristics and the rule of requirement of fertilization of cotton began to develop in different periods to determinate reasonable peri od, quantity and different prescription of applying fertilizer.