贵州省2003～2005年麻疹流行状况分析及控制策略探讨

Analysis on Measles Epidemiology Status and Control Strategy in Guizhou Province in 2003～2005

目的了解贵州省麻疹流行状况，探讨消除麻疹策略。方法对贵州省2003～2005年麻疹监测系统报告资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果3年全省共报告麻疹18943例，呈高度散发，〈10岁病例占总病例数的83．5％，发病高峰在3～6月。2005年确诊病例发病率0．49／10万（191例），比2003年下降了97．6％，报告麻疹病例中〉1／3是风疹。1岁和〈7岁确诊病例分别占总确诊病例的29．3％和69．1％，其中无麻疹减毒活疫苗（MV）免疫史的分别占80．4％、67．4％。结论MV强化免疫后，麻疹发病率大幅下降。为保持MV强化免疫取得的成果，应切实做好18～23月龄儿童MV复种和入托、入学儿童查验预防接种证工作，使漏种儿童得到补种的机会；加强麻疹监测，提高实验室确诊病例的比例，同时在3～4年后开展MV后续免疫。

Objective To Know the status of measles epidemic and accelerate the strategies for measles control. Methods The data of measles reported by the measles surveillance system in Guizhou Province in 2003~2005 were descriptively analyzed. Results The results showed that a total of 18943 measles cases were reported in the three years. We found that the distribution of the cases was sporadic and there was little change in age. The cases were children under 10 years old accounting for 83.5%. The peak seasons of the disease were in March-June. mainly in spring. 191 were diagnosed as measles cases,the incidence of 0.49 cases per 100,000 population remained in 2005,it decreased 97.6 % compared with.in 2003, and 1/3 of the reported cases were confirmed as rubella. 56 and 132 cases were diagnosed in one year old and under 7 years old, accounted for 29.3% and 69.1% of the total cases diagnosed,80.4%（45 cases）and 67.4%（89 cases） without measles vaccination records. Conclusion Measles incidence has been greatly de- creased by measles mass campaign. We should strengthen revaccination for children of 18 months- 2 years old and establish the regulation of immunization certificate for children going to kindergar- tens and primary schools, as well as the unvaccinated children. We intensify surveillance of measles,raise rate of diagnosed measles cases at laboratories, prevent rubella and continue measles mass campaign in 3 or 4 years.