分“形”归“类”,保护民族器乐遗产——再谈抄儿、马头琴、抄儿类乐器及其保护问题

To Classify and Protect National Musical Instrument Heritage——On the protection of Choir,horse-head musical instrument and those of the kind of Choir

"抄儿类乐器"的提出,目的是厘清"类"与"形"的关系;不同的学理认识导致不同的主张。就抄儿和马头琴的发展方向问题,目前的主张:一种是"合二为一",另一种是尊重和保持各自原来的面貌。事实上,两种主张并不是平等平衡的。抄儿等传统音乐遗产的现代化境遇面临着"谁在保护?保护什么?为什么保护?怎样保护?"的问题。

The purpose to raise the issue of the musical instruments of the kind of Choir is to make clear the relation between ＂types＂ and ＂shape＂ ; different research theory lead to different affirmation. There are two kids of opinions ： one is ＂two into one＂ , the other is the respct and maintaining of their original visages. In fact, the two are neither equal nor balanced. The traditional musical instruments are faced with the problems of ＂who to protect＂, ＂what to protect＂, ＂why to protect＂, ＂how to protect＂.