铜陵矿区土壤和油菜中铜的分布特征

Distribution characteristics of copper in soil and rape around Tongling mining area

采集铜陵市几个矿区周围土壤和油菜作物样品,研究了铜在矿区不同土壤及油菜中的分布特征.结果表明:铜陵矿区周边耕作土壤铜含量普遍较高;矿区周围残坡积母质上发育的旱作土壤和下游水稻土的污染较严重,而距矿区较远的潮土污染水平较低;水稻土与矿区周围残坡积母质上发育的旱作土壤全铜含量相近,前者的铜主要来自受污染的灌溉水并有着较高的生物有效性.3种类型土壤的有效铜与全铜含量均显著相关.供试土壤中铜的平均活化率(有效铜占全铜含量的百分比)为15.0%,且与土壤全铜和有机质含量呈正相关,与土壤pH和锰含量呈负相关.油菜籽和油菜秸秆中铜的平均含量分别为4.0和5.8mg.kg-1.当土壤中有效铜含量较低时,油菜中的铜含量随着土壤中有效铜含量增加而上升的趋势十分明显,当土壤中有效铜含量大于30mg.kg-1时,油菜作物吸收铜的能力下降,油菜富集铜的效率逐渐降低.

Soil and rape samples around Tongling mining area were collected, and their copper （Cu） contents were investigated. The results showed that the upland soil developed on the slope deposit around the mining area as well as the paddy soil distributed in lower reaches was heavily polluted by Cu, while the fluvo-aquic soil further from the mining area was less contaminated. Though the Cu content in paddy soil and upland soil was nearly the same, its bioavailability was higher in paddy soil, due to the Cu pollution of irrigated water. There was a significant correlation between available and total Cu in these three types of soil. The activation rate of soil Cu （ percentage of available Cu in total Cu） was 15.0% on average, which was positively correlated with soil total Cu and organic matter while negatively correlated with soil pH and Mn. The average Cu content in rape seed and stalk was 4.0 and 5.8 mg · kg^-1, respectively. The rape Cu content increased obviously with increasing soil available Cu content when the soil available Cu content was relatively low, but the Cu absorption and accumulation by rape decreased gradually when the soil available copper content was higher than 30 mg · kg^-1.