美国黑核桃嫁接技术研究

A Study on Grafting Techniques on American Black Walnut(Juglans nigra L.)

以美国黑核桃3个无性系为试材,对不同嫁接方法及影响成活的主要因子进行了较为系统的比较和研究.试验结果表明,夏季大方块芽接法表现最好,成活率高达96.2%,适接期最长为50 d,适宜作为黑核桃良种繁殖的主要方法;其次,在缺乏采穗圃或夏季多雨的地区,室内枝接可作为主要嫁接方法,接后立即在田间栽植,成活率高,成本较低;第三,T字型带木质部芽接法可充分利用细弱接穗,枝顶端嫁接作为一种补接方法,可用于未成活的植株.经过近3 a的嫁接试验研究,突破了黑核桃嫁接伤流过多的瓶颈问题,并总结出一套冬季室内枝接、春季大田枝接、夏季大方块芽接、秋季闷芽接的育苗系列嫁接技术,实现了周年育苗的愿望.

Systematic comparison and research were conducted on different grafting technique and the main affective factors of survival rate with three clones of American black walnut （Juglans nigrh L. ）. The results show：First, the summer big-square patch bud grafting technique is the most feasible grafting method with the grafting survival rate reaching as high as 96.2% and 50 days of suitable grafting time; Secondly, the in-chamber shoot grafting technique can be the main grafting method in areas lacking in nursery for shoot collection or in areas of rainy summer, which can achieve higher grafting survival rate and lower grafting cost if the grafting seedlings are replanted into the field in time after grafting. Thirdly, the thin grafting shoots is useful in the T-bud with xylem grafting technique, and the green shoots grafting at the top as the supplementary grafting method, and also was used to the unsuccessful grafting individual plant. The study was conducted over a period of three years, and solved the bottle-neck problem that the more bleeding was brought based on the grafting of American black walnut, and developed a series cultivating methods of the grafting seedling, including the winter shoot grafting technique in-chamber, the spring shoot grafting technique in the field, the summer big-square patch bud grafting technique, and the autumn square patch nonbudding grafting technique, by which we can cultivate the grafting seedling in any season of a year.