清代书院的道德教育及其对当代思想道德教育的启示

Moral Education of Qing Dynasty's Academies and Its Enlightenment to Ideological Education of Contemporary Undergraduates

清代书院类型主要有四种:以科举考课为主的书院,以讲习理学为主的书院,以博习经史词章为主的书院,以学习西方近代科技知识为主的晚清西学书院。清代书院的教学宗旨都突出了德育的要求,并且各有一定的特点;清代书院还十分重视具体教学制度对学生德育的功能,如在选拔教师时,注重考察其德行表现;注重祭祀制度对学生的德育功能;注重学规章程对学生德行的塑造作用。考察清代书院的道德教育,对当前高校大学生思想教育工作具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。

The academies of Qing Dynasty are divided into four kinds： the academy mainly for imperial examination, the academy mainly for Confucian school of idealist philosophy, the academy mainly for abundant practice in textual criticism learning and literature, the academy mainly for studying the knowledge of modern western science and technology in late Qing Dynasty. All these academies give prominence to the moral education with their distinctive features. The academies of Qing Dynasty also attach importance to the functions that specific education system could serve to the moral education of the students. For example, they pay attention to the importance of the virtue ＇selection and examination of teachers, pay attention to the moral functions of offering sacrifices which change and influence student＇s characters, and pay attention to learning the important functions from teaching regulations. To study the moral education of the Qing Dynasty＇s academies has important enlightening significance to the ideological education of contemporary undergraduates.