南京国民政府十年期城市失业问题的历史考察

Historical Investigation of Urban Unemployment in the Decade of Nanjing National Government

20世纪二三十年代,因受世界经济恐慌的影响,各国已被失业危机所困扰,内忧外患逼迫下的中国,失业形势尤为严重。从失业数量来看,南京国民政府十年期,失业已遍及全国各行各业,以1931年为分界点,失业人数呈现前慢后快的增长态势。就失业分布而言,失业人员多集中于沿海沿江等口岸城市,尤以传统工业失业最为突出。除了工业失业较为严峻之外,教师、文书、编辑与普通职员等的失业问题也不容忽视。

In 1920s and 1930s, each country was puzzled by the unemployment crisis caused by the global economic panic. The unemployment situation in China was even worse due to domestic trouble and foreign invasion. In the decade of Nanjing National Government, the unemployment was widespread in various works and trades all over the country. The unemployment took on rapid growth after 1931. The distribution of the unemployed people mostly focused on the coastal cities and the atmosphere of unemployment was obvious in the traditional industries. In addition to the grave industrial unemployment, the unemployment of teachers, men of letters, editors and office workers tolerates no negligence.