中国榆属12种2变种木材解剖学研究

Wood anatomy of 12 species and 2 varieties from Ulmus of China

对中国榆属(Ulmus.L)12种2变种的木材进行了比较解剖学研究。结果表明:(1)导管分子长度从睫毛榆组到榆组至榔榆组逐渐变短,而纤维分子逐渐变长,说明榆属由睫毛榆组到榆组到榔榆组是不断进化的。(2)通过对次生木质部有关的7个数量特征进行聚类分析和差异性比较,认为榆属属下设组而不设亚属是合理的。(3)通过对榆属12种2变种木材的解剖学研究,认为U.davidiana、U.davidiana Var.japonica、U.szechuanica三者亲缘关系较近,而与同属于Sect.Ulmus Seu.Nitentes的U.castaneifolia和U.glancesscens var.lasiocarpa的亲缘关系较远。U.gaussenii、U.macrocarpa、U.lamellosa的聚类分析距离很近,说明其三者亲缘关系较密切,但它们的花粉外壁纹饰,萌发孔数相差较远,故三者的亲缘关系还需进一步研究。

We have maken comparative anatomical investigations on wood of 12 species and 2 varieties from Ulmus of China. The results are as follow： （1）Vessel member length being short and fibre member length being long gradually from Sect. Blepharocarpus, Sect. Ulmus to Sect. Microptelea ,declares Sect. Microptelea is advanced than Sect. Ulmus and Sect. Blepharocarpus. （2）Through genrating analying and variance analying of quantitative characters, not subgenera but sections setted under Ulmus is reasonnable. （ 3 ） The relationship of U. davidiana, U. davidiana Var. japonica and U.szechuaniea is closer, they are farther from U.castaneifolia and U.glancesscens var. lasiocarpa. The distance of U. gaussenii、 U.macrocarpa and U. lamellosa is close in the Cluster analysis plan. It shows the relationship of the three specises is close, but their Ornamentation of the pollen exme and the numbers of germination holes are different, So the relationship of U. gaussenii, U. macrocarpa and U lamellosa need to study furthe.