雪旺细胞构建人工神经在大鼠长段神经缺损中的修复作用研究

Research of long peripheral nerve defect repair with artificial nerve composed with Schwann cell

[目的]研究雪旺细胞与PLGA构成的组织工程化人工神经修复大鼠周围神经缺损的效果。[方法]将雪旺细胞接种在内置polyglactin 910纤维的PLGA中空管,构建成组织工程人工神经。将60只SD大鼠随机分3组,每组20只,建立大鼠坐骨神经缺损20 mm的动物模型。A组用切下的自体神经段原位缝合,B组使用雪旺细胞组织工程人工神经进行修复,C组用未接种雪旺细胞的PLGA中空管进行修复。术后8、12周使用神经电生理和组织学观察分别进行效果评价。[结果]在大体观察、组织学观察中,B组的恢复表现与A组相近。在神经电生理检测、小腿三头肌肌肉重量测定、桥接物横切面神经纤维数量测定的结果分析中B组略低于A组但明显高于C组。B组大鼠桥接段远端辣根过氧化酶示踪后在脊髓前角可以看到被标记的神经元。透射电镜可见B组桥接物中段大量的再生神经纤维。[结论]用雪旺细胞和PLGA构建组织工程人工神经修复大鼠外周神经缺损,可以修复20 mm的长段周围神经缺损,并可获得接近于大鼠自体神经修复的效果。

[ Objective ] To study the effect of repairing of rat peripheral nerve defect with engineering artificial nerve composed with Schwann cells and poly lactic glycoli aced（ PLGA ）. [ Method] Human Schwann cells were vaccinated into PLGA tube with polyglactin 910. Sixty SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly with 20 rats in each one： group A, self- nerve graft; group B, Schwann cells artificial nerve; group C, pure PLGA. Evaluations of electrophysiological and histological examines were carried out 8 weeks ad 12 weeks after operation. [ Result] The outcome of group B showed similar to group A in general and histo- logical study, however it expressed slightly lower in electrophysiological study, muscle weight and nerve fiber quantity. Marked neuron could be found in spinal cord after group B had been traced. Large number of regeneration nerve fibers could be seen from electron microscope. [ Conclusion] The tissue engineering artificial nerve composed with Schwann cells is able to repair 20 mm defects of peripheral nerve, and it has an approximate treatment effect to the self- nerve grafting.