物权法上的平等保护原则及其实现——兼评《物权法》对平等保护原则的规范

The Equal Protection Principle in Property Law and Its Fulfillment

本文对平等保护原则的物权法含义做了分析,认为平等保护违宪之争尽管源自于理论上的误解,但其背后所隐藏的是公有制的两种财产所有权如何纳入物权法、适用物权法规则的问题;而这一问题的解决则需要按照物的性质区分权利的性质,在此基础上使相同性质的财产权利适用平等规则、受同样的保护。基于这一论述,笔者认为平等保护对于不同的财产所有权体制含义是不一样的,两种公有制的财产平等保护要解决的问题在于,运用上述平等观念下,去政治色彩并物权化为民事权利,因而平等适用物权法和受物权法保护;而对于个人而言,平等保护的核心问题则在于如何限制政府滥用公共利益,侵害私人权益。

This paper explores the concept of equal protection in the Property Law and holds that the belief that equal protection is against the constitution, though resulting from theoretical misunderstandings, shows that it is pertinent that the following issue be addressed, i. e. , how to subject the two kinds of public property ownerships to the property law. To solve the problem, it is necessary to distinguish the nature of rights according to the nature of the property so that properties of the same nature receive equal protection. The author, accordingly, believes equal protection means differently with respect to different property ownerships. To accomplish equal protection of the property under the two kinds of public ownerships, we need to adopt the view of equality, forget politics and regard ownership of property as civil rights, subject to the protection of the Property Law. For individuals, the crux of equal protection lies in restraining the government from abusing public interests and encroaching upon the private interests of the individual.