2002-2006年江苏省媒介生物发生动态与防治探讨

Study on annual dynamic and control of vectors from 2002-2006 in Jiangsu province,China

目的分析江苏省2002-2006年鼠、蚊、蝇和蜚蠊等媒介生物的发生动态,并探讨其有效的防制措施。方法鼠和蜚蠊密度监测分别采用夹夜法和粘蟑纸(盒)法,全年监测;成蚊及蝇密度监测分别采用人工小时法和笼诱法,于4-11月进行;家蝇和德国小蠊抗药性测定采用点滴法,淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊幼虫抗药性测定采用浸液法或区分剂量法,褐家鼠抗药性测定采用凝血酶原时间测定法。结果近5年江苏省蚊、蝇和蜚蠊密度总体均呈上升态势,其中蚊密度2006年最高,达15.20只/人工小时,较2005年上升180%以上;蝇密度2005年最高,达25.12只/笼;蜚蠊密度逐年升高,2006年达1.20只/张;鼠密度波动在1%左右,2006年最低,为0.60%,黄胸鼠构成比逐年上升;德国小蠊构成比越来越高,2006年占90%以上;外来物种古铜黑蝇入侵;南京主城区三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊大量发生;淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊、家蝇、德国小蠊对敌敌畏、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯产生了不同程度的抗药性。结论加强媒介生物的监测,及时了解当地种群动态的变化,使防治与本地区媒介生物发生、发展和抗性的实际情况相结合。

Objective To study annual dynamic of vectors, such as rats, mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches from 2002-2006 in Jiangsu province. Methods Night trapping, sticky card（case） trap were used for the survellence of rat and cockroaches from Jan. to Dec. , indoor-resting mosquito-adults and cage trap method were used for density monitoring of mosquitoes and flies respectively from Apr. to Dec.. Topical application was used for pesticide resistance detection of Musca domestica Linnaeus and Blattella germanica （Linnaeus）, dipping method or distinguishing dosage method for Culex pipiens pallens Caguillett for dichlorovos, permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin respectively, prothrombin time（PT） were used for the pesticide resistance detection of Rattus norvegicus （Berkenhout） to warfarin. Results Density of mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches increased from 2002 to 2006, the highest of them was 15.20 individuals per hour in 2006, 25.12 individuals per cage in 2005, 1.20 individuals per card（case） in 2006 respectively. Density of rats fluctuated, the lowest, 0.60 % occurred in 2006. Ratio of R. norvegicus （Berkenhout） increased yearly, B.germanica （Linnaeus） turned into one of the dominant species. Exotic species, Ophyra aenescens （Wiedeman） inyaded, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann emerged suddenly and numerously, dominant vector species developed resistance to some normal insecticides. Conclusion For effective vector control, the vector surveillance should be strengthened, to know the dynamic of local vector-population, to emphasize on vector control based on local vector dynamic and vector resistance.