中小企业企业家导向的影响因素研究

Study on the Determinants of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Small and Middle-sized Enterprises

企业家导向反映了企业对机会的识别和利用能力,是中小企业成长的重要影响因素。主要研究了我国中小企业企业家导向影响因素的识别及其作用机理。首先,通过对企业家导向的内涵和影响因素相关研究的回顾,提出了包含"机会-资源-企业异质性"三因素的中小企业企业家导向影响因素的分析框架。其中企业异质性是中小企业企业家导向形成的基础因素,企业家导向的强度受到机会丰富性和资源充足性的作用和影响。其次,通过对我国东北地区235家中小企业的问卷调研,应用方差分析及建立结构方程模型,对文中提出的中小企业企业家导向的影响因素进行识别,并对影响因素模型进行验证。最后,对企业家导向影响因素的作用机理进行说明。构建并验证了中小企业企业家导向影响因素的分析模型,指出企业家在权、责、利上的一致性和自主性会提升中小企业的企业家导向;丰富的企业家经验、充足的金融资源是中小企业企业家导向提升的重要推动力;稳定的经营环境也会强化我国中小企业的企业家导向。

Entrepreneurial orientation(EO) is the important driver for the growth of small and middle-sized enterprises,which reflects firms' capability of distinguishing and making use of emerging opportunities.This article mainly discusses the determinants of EO in small and middle-sized enterprises and its mechanism.Firstly,through reviewing the concept of EO and its determinants,this article puts forwards the analyzing framework of the determinants of EO based on 'opportunity-resource-enterprise heterogeneity'.In this framework,enterprise heterogeneity is the fundamental factor of EO;the level of EO is modulated by opportunity and resource.Secondly,after a questionnaire survey on 235 small and middle-sized enterprises in north-east area of China,this article distinguishes the determinants of EO and also analyzes the forming mechanism of EO in small and middle-sized enterprises on the basis of ANOVA and SEM analysis.Furthermore,in this article,the determinant model of EO is established and validated.The main conclusions are as followings: the coherence and self-determination will promote EO;the abundance in enterprisers' experience and capital is the important driver of EO;similarly,the stabilized environment will enhance EO.