从濂溪书院的演变看学人的圣化——以周敦颐为例

On Deification of Ancient Scholars in Evolution of Lianxi Academic Schools from the Song to Ming Dynasties

周敦颐是宋代著名理学家。在他生活的年代,甚至在他死后相当长时间内,他的学术成就和地位并没有得到普遍的认同。但是,南宋初年之后,他忽然变成了一个大儒,一个圣人,随着他生前命名的濂溪书院或类似书院的大批修建,周敦颐就顺理成章地变成了书院文庙中受供的圣人,一尊与孔子同列的文化偶像。书院的历史与偶像的历史竟然如此紧密地联系在一起了。

Zhou Dunyi is the forerunner of confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song Dynasty. During his lifetime and the long period after his death, his academic achievements and position were not generally recognized. But after the first years in the South Song Dynasty, he suddenly became a great Confucian scholar and a sage. With the setting-up of Lianxi Academy of classical learning and other similar academies, Zhou Dunyi reasonably became the sage adored in Confucian temples, ranking with Confucius. The history of academic schools and the history of idols were thus closely linked.