法律制度近代变迁的多样性——以上海道契为例

The different representation of modern transition of law:Focus on daoqi

为了探究法律变迁的其他道路,采用实证研究和比较分析的方法,着眼于历史发展的不同侧面与不同过程,以不同的观察视角来进行研究。道契是外国人所持有的租界土地的产权凭证,围绕着道契产生的一系列的土地丈量、契证申领等地政管理方法具有近代法律的特征,这一时期的契证管理制度、专门的地政管理机构、总工程局以及吴淞开埠中的地政实践相较于传统已有很大变化。结果表明:国家变法并非法律变迁的惟一形式,还存在着不同的变迁道路,法律制度的这些变迁形式还成为国家改革事实上的准备和铺垫。

Modern transition of law is traditionally regarded as a kind of law reform led by the State,but this kind of reform is not the only one.Daoqi is the example of transition of law.The method adopted to measure the land and the procedures using to apply Daoqi contain many factors of modern law. Along with the change of the circumstance in Shanghai concession,Daoqi has some impact on traditional society and its law.Land Measure Office appeared in local government,and the administration of Wusong and Shanghai General Engineering Bureau practice of land management were learned from Shanghai Concession.The regulations governing the transaction of land in traditional society also underwent big changes.Compared to the legal reform of the government,all these changes embody the change of law of modern time in a different way,and all these practices are prepared for the legal reform which happened thereafter.