土壤和沉积物对多环芳烃吸附作用的研究进展

Development of Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Soils and Sediments

多环芳烃在土壤和沉积物上的吸附作用是影响其持留、分布、迁移转化及最终归趋的关键过程。本文阐述了土壤和沉积物对多环芳烃的吸附作用机理,分析了其影响因素及吸附作用对其他降解过程的影响,并探讨了所存在的主要问题及发展趋势。土壤/沉积物是一个复杂的多介质多界面体系,具有复杂的吸附活性中心,多环芳烃在其上的吸附是矿物成分和有机物质共同作用的结果而非单一的表面吸附过程或分配过程,因此形成了各式各样的吸附等温线。在吸附过程中,土壤和沉积物的粒度、有机质含量与组成、温度、pH以及被吸附多环芳烃的性质均是重要的影响因素。在多环芳烃吸附过程中,如何结合其定量结构性质、有机无机复合体的界面结构以及环境化学特征认识吸附机理是今后研究的一个趋势。

The adsorption by soils and sediments is a key process for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） to affect its sequestration,distribution,transference and conversion.The mechanism of soils and sediments to absorb the PAHs was reviewed and corresponding factors affecting the absorption and degradation were analyzed in this paper.At the same time some problems about PAHs sorption were presented.Soil/sediment is a complex system with multi-media and multi-interface, which possesses complex adsorption centers.The PAHs sorption on soil/sediment resulted from coaction of mineral substances and organic matter other than surface sorption or distribution process only.Thus a number of adsorption isotherm curve formed.In the adsorption process,the particle size of soil and sediment,organic matter content and composition,temperature,pH and PAHs properties are important factors.How to realize the adsorption mechanism of the PAHs based on its quantitative structure,organo-mineral interface structure and its environmental chemical characteristics is a key in future.