大麦盐害及耐盐机理的研究进展

PROGRESS IN SALT DAMAGE AND MECHANISM OF SALINITY TOLERANCE OF BARLEY

大麦是禾谷作物中较为耐盐的粮食作物。然而在盐胁迫环境下,Na+能把膜系统中的其他离子置换下来,使细胞过多地吸收Na+和Cl-,从而导致细胞膜系统受损、DNA降解、植物营养亏缺、生理干旱以及细胞死亡等伤害。大麦自身在受到盐分胁迫下,耐盐机制有:离子的选择性吸收、拒盐排盐性、渗透调节物质的合成以及离子在植株体内的运输交换。进行大麦耐盐性选择时,萌发力、耐盐指数、Na+/K+和渗透调节物质的合成能力,都是比较重要的选择标准。基于大麦较好的耐盐性,可通过遗传育种改良、化学控制、耕作等措施和途径提高大麦的耐盐抗盐能力,减轻盐害,提高大麦产量和品质。

Barley is one of cereal crops with high salinity tolerance. Barley cell assimilated superfluous Na ^＋ and Cl^- , as other ions being replaced by Na^＋ on the cell membrane, under salinity environment. Consequently, salinity brought plant to suffer from the damage of cell membrane system, broken down of the DNA, lack of the nutrition, physiological drought and lead cell to death. There are some definite mechanisms of barley salinity tolerance. For example, selected absorption of mineral ions, refuse and eject of salinity, composition of the osmotic regulators as well as the transportation and exchange of ions in plant There are many criterions as selection germination force, salt tolerance index, tolerance, we can reduce the damage of control and cultivation anagement. of barley salinity tolerance, based on the mechanism of salt tolerance, such asgermination force, salt tolerance index, composition capability of Na^＋/K^＋ and osmotic regulator. Based on barley salinity tolerance, we can reduce the damage of salt and increase the yield and quality of barley through heredity breeding, chemistry control and cultivation anagement.