中日环境政策及环境管理制度比较研究

A Comparative Study of Environmental Management Systems and Policies between China and Japan

本文通过中日环境政策的比较研究得出如下结论:⒈中日环境政策在内容和实施机制方面存在明显差异;⒉这些差异启示我们要在以下几个方面向日方借鉴:在立法监督机制方面我国地方权力需要扩大;我国环境政策实施主体的行政不作为问题急需解决;在环境政策实施中要充分发挥司法机关、社会组织及公众的作用。通过对环境管理制度的比较研究得出如下结论:⒈日本环境管理制度的指导原则已经转变为"环境优先",而我国至今仍然坚持"环境与经济协调发展"的原则;⒉日本环境管理制度的内容比我国更全面和细化;⒊日本环境管理制度实施过程中依靠法律、法规的作用比我国明显;⒋日本地方自治团体在环境管理制度实施中的监督和推动作用十分重要,应该为我国所借鉴。

This paper compares the environmental policies and management systems between China and Japan. With regard to the policies, there exist significant differences in terms of the contents and the implementation mechanisms, implicating that the Chinese local governments should be given more power in the environmental legislation and administration; that the inactivity of implementers should be adequately solved; and that the role of judicature, social organizations as well as the public should be functioned. As to the environmental management systems, it is argued that the principle of ＂Environment Preference＂ has been adopted by Japan, while China is insisting on ＂Coordinative Development between Environment and Economy＂. The content of the Japanese system covers much wider and involves intricate details, and the implementation is ensured by the laws and regulations. What＇s more, Japan＇s local autonomies have played an important role of supervision and facilitation in the implementation of the Japanese environmental management system.