浅议高等教育改革的动因、历程、原则、内容及趋势

The Agent,Process,Principle,Content and Trend of the Reform of Higher Education

改革开放20多年来的中国高等教育经历了体制结构调整、大发展及深化教学改革和提高教学质量三个发展阶段。其中,管理方面,办学体制、管理体制、投资体制、高考和毕业生就业制度,以及后勤管理都经历了全面改革。计划经济下国有化的办学体制、条块分割的领导体制、高度集权的管理体制及单一的投资体制是中国高等教育改革的内部动因,而中国的经济体制改革则是推动高等教育改革的外部动因。高等教育改革必须坚持方向性、适应性、规律性、协调性、多样性及风险预测原则。未来中国高等教育改革的趋势是:进一步深化办学体制改革;建立现代大学制度,落实高校办学自主权;完善大学法人治理结构;推进高水平大学和重点大学的建设;发展高等教育信息化;发挥高等教育在终身教育中的作用。

The reform of China＇ s higher education has experienced three stages： the regulation of system structure, the deepening of teaching reform and the improving of teaching quality. A all - round reformation has been carried out in the systems of school - running, administration, investment, college entrance examination , graduate employment and logistics branch. The nationalization system of school-running, the leadership structure of cutting up the links among departments and regions, the centralization system of administration and the unitary investment system are the inside agents for the reform of China＇ s higher education. The reform of China＇ s economic system is the outside agent for driving the reform of higher education. The reform of higher education must hold the principles of directionality, adaptability, regularity, coordination, diversity and risk-forecasting. The future trend of China＇ s higher education is to deepen the reform of the system of school- running, build modern university system, carry out the autonomy of school - running, perfect the organization of university corporation, push forward the building of high - level university and key university, develop the informationization of higher education, and play the role of higher education in lifelong education.