论共同犯罪人与身份

The co-criminal and identification

犯罪是一种特定的危害社会行为的符号,是反社会的行为方式之一,不仅仅是一种社会现象,也是一种法律现象,该行为包括刑事违法性的法律内容与严重社会危害性、应受刑罚处罚性的社会内容。在形形色色的犯罪现象中,对某些犯罪而言,其犯罪主体除须具备一般刑事立法中要求的具有自然人与刑事责任能力两个基本条件外,特殊身份作为主体的内容,影响甚至决定着行为人的刑事责任有无及大小。身份与行为人刑事责任的关系,决定着其在特定犯罪构成中的地位,特别是涉及共同犯罪中的身份犯问题,身份对共同犯罪的定性及各共同犯罪人刑事责任的承担产生重要的影响。因此,身份问题是现代刑法理论中一个不容忽视的问题,尤其是与有着“绝望之章”称谓的共犯论相交叉时。本文拟就共同犯罪人与身份的相关问题略述管见。

Criminal is a symbol of behavior to harm society, and it is one of behavior of anti-society.Criminal is not social but a law phenomenon.This behavior contains breaking law,harming to society and being punished.To some criminal, the special identifi- cation of the criminal will determine the degree of responsibilities,even whether should be charged or not, except two basic condi- tion of the criminal have, namely,natural human and criminal responsibility in all kinds of criminal.The relationship between the ID and responsibility of the criminal decide their criminal status, identification will bring about important influence for the criminal to be punished especially in co-criminal.Therefore identification is problem which can＇t be neglected in the modem criminal theories. This paper will give some opinions about it.