河流管理中含植物水流问题研究进展

Advances in research on flows with vegetation in river management

河流管理涵盖灌溉、防洪、河流生态、环境等众多内容,其目的在于保护和恢复河流生态系统的整体生态功能。植物是具有生态功能河流的重要特征,为动物提供了栖息地,是维持河流健康发展的重要因素。由于植物的存在改变了水流运动特性和泥沙及污染物输移规律,含植物水流问题引起了河流管理领域的广泛关注,并且成为河流动力学新的重要的研究课题。回顾了当前国内外河流管理中含植物水流问题研究的主要成果,归纳为水流阻力、紊流结构、泥沙运动和被动标量扩散输移四个方面的研究内容,详细介绍了重要的研究方法、结论和量测手段,讨论了含植物水流问题当前研究存在的不足,并指出今后的研究趋势。

River management covers a wide range including irrigation, flood control, river ecology and environment etc., aiming at protecting and recovering the ecological function of river ecosystem. The vegetation is an important feature of ecological river. It provides the habitat for animals and is a key factor to maintain the healthy development of river. The vegetation changes flow characteristic and sediment and contaminant transport, and thus the flows with vegetation have been wide interested in rivermanagement and become a new important topic in river dynamics. This paper reviews the main research achievements of the flow with vegetation, including four main aspects： flows resistance, turbulence structure, sediment transport and passive scalar dispersion and transport. The main methods, conclusions and measurement techniques are introduced in detail and some limitation of recent research and the research tendencies are also discussed.