宪政视野下民事权利基本问题的探讨

Discussion on Basic Questions of Civil Right under Constitutional Visibility

民事权利是组成社会最基本的细胞———公民、法人和其他社会组织最基本的法律权利。民事权利的自然权利说、意思说、法益说、法力说揭示了民事权利本质的四个层面,即"自然为理"、"意思为体"、"利用为用"、"法力为形式"。从宪政视界考察,一方面,民事权利形成和发展是孕育宪政环境并促成宪政产生一个重要的条件,另一方面,宪政又是发展公民民事基本权利的关键手段,发展公民民事基本权利是宪政的终极目的和归宿。应正确认识民法与宪法的关系,构建一个以民法为基本法,以刑法、行政法等法律法规为配合的网状维权(利)、控权(力)系统,并统一于宪法,才能构建一个完整、和谐、统一的民事权利保障体系。

Civil right is composition of society most basic cell most basic rights of citizen,legal person and other social organization.The idea of nature right,human＇ meaning,the law profit,the law power has promulgated essence four stratification planes of the civil right,namely ＂nature for justice＂, ＂the meaning is the body＂, ＂the profit for uses＂,＂he power is the form＂.From constitutional visibility inspection,on the one hand,the civil right form and breeds the environment and facilitates of constitutional,on the other hand,the constitutional is also essential method to develop the citizen basic civil right,develops the citizen basic civil right is the constitutional ultimate goal and the home to return.We should correctly understand the relations between civillaw and the constitution,constrnct the system which take the civil law as a fundamental law,take penalty laws,administrative law and regulations and so on as the coordinate net to protect right（advantage） and control the power （strength）,and unifies to the constitution,then we can construct an integrity,harmony,the unified civil right safeguard system.