一种现场处理污水的水面植物生物膜氧化沟

A Plant-Biofilm Oxidation Ditch for In-situ Treatment of Polluted Waters

我国城镇生活污水处理率低、水体富营养化严重,开发出更为经济合理的污水处理技术,特别是污水现场处理技术,具有重要的现实意义。本研究将常规二级污水处理的氧化沟工艺改造应用于污染湖泊,并用植物浮岛和填料加强,形成一套对被污染的水体及其污染源进行系统处理的工艺。结果表明,本反应器在处理生活污水时,秋冬2个季度COD、SS、TP和NH4+-N的平均去除率分别为70.60%、75.78%、72.60%和52.06%。在夏秋季处理污染的湖水时,进水平均COD、NH4+-N和TP为42.7、13.1和1.09 mg.L-1,出水时降为25.1、6.4和0.38 mg.L-1。本工艺一次性投资低,且节约大量的污水集中费用以及占地费用;而且适应性广,可同时处理污染水体及其污染源废水,可推广应用于具有湖泊、鱼塘、河涌等的污水处理现场,特别是农村乡镇污水处理。

Eutrophication of surface waters is a serious problem of increasing environmental and ecological concern in China due to low percentage of the treatment of municipal sewage. More economic sewage treatment technologies and especially insitu treatment process is particularly important. In the present study, oxidation ditches were connected to a lake receiving municipal sewage sludge. Floating plants and tissues were added to perform the process in order to simultaneously treat the polluted lake water and its pollution source influent. The experiment was conducted firstly with municipal sewage in autumn - winter seasons for about 150 d. Then it was run with the polluted lake water in summer - autumn for about 160 d. Results showed that, during the experimental period for the municipal sewage treatment, the average removal rates of COD （chemical oxygen demand）, SS （ suspended solids）, TP （ total phosphorus） and NH4^＋ - N were 70.6%, 75.8%, 72.6% and 52.1%, respectively. For the polluted lake water treatment, the average concentrations of COD, NH4^＋ - N and TP were 42.7, 13.1 and 1.09 mg·L^-1, respectively, in the influent and were 25.1, 6.4 and 0.38 mg·L^-1, respectively, in the effluent. The proposed process, transforming the natural lake into a wastewater treatment plant, could evidently reduce the costs of the sewage collection, the land space requirement and the construction compared with conventional sewage treatment plants, and is especially suited to rural areas with lakes, pounds and rivers.