人工湿地技术在农业面源水体污染控制中的应用

Application of Constructed Wetlands for Treating Water Pollution from Agricultural Non-point Sources

肥料和农药的不合理使用、畜禽养殖废水和城乡结合部生活污水的随意排放,农业面源污染成为我国众多水体氮、磷富营养化的主要原因,其贡献率大大超过来自城市生活污水和工业的点源污染。人工湿地处理系统能耗低、基建投资少、效果显著,被认为是控制农业面源水体污染的一个重要的技术手段。我国从"八五"首次引进人工湿地工程技术来处理农田径流废水开始,已在滇池、太湖、官厅水库等水域的面源污染控制及畜禽养殖废水处理中采用人工湿地工程技术,取得了较为显著的去污效果,为我国农业面源水体污染治理提供了一条极有参考价值的技术途径和技术模式。

Non - point source pollution from agriculture and rural region is becoming one of the main causes of water pollution in China. Exceed inputs of fertilizer and pesticides, lower use efficiencies of fertilizers and irrigation water, and fewer treatments of wastewater from rural animal husbandry and living sewage are believed to be responsible for this serious situation. Constructed wetlands have been widely proposed as an effective measurement to control non -point source pollution from agriculture. In 1994, several constructed wetlands were originally built to mitigate pollutants of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff from arable land to Dianchi lake in Yunan Province. This paper summarized the researches on constructed wetlands established to control agricultural non -point source pollution in some important freshwater area such as Dianchi lake, Taihu lake, Guanting reservoir. We also reviewed the application of constructed wetlands for treating animal husbandry wastewater. Ecological function of constructed wetlands is receiving more and more attentions in China, because it is identified a simple and robust solution to reduce water pollutants from agricultural non - point sources.