2Sherry Boschert. Hands off tile perineum during delivery? [J] . Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 2010, 65 (2) : 71.
3谢幸,苟文丽.妇产科学[M].第8版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013:258-264.
4Aasheim V,Nilsen ABV,Lukasse M,et al.Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2011,7(12):66-72.
5Frankman EA,Wang L,Bunker CH,et al.Episiotomy in the United States:has anything changed[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2009,200(5):573.el-e7.
6Graham ID,Carroli G,Davies C,et al.Episiotomy rates around the world:an update[J].Birth,2005,32(3):219-223.
7Mayerhofer K,Bodner-Adler B,Bodner K,et al.Traditional care of the perineum during birth:a prospective,randomized,multicenter study of 1076 women[J].J Reprod Med,2002,47(6):477-482.
