从人口性比例失调看汉魏时期道教的兴盛

Probing into the Prosperity of Taoism through Unbalanced Proportion of Male and Female Population in Han and Wei Dynasties

自东汉中期"贱杀女子"等残害妇女的现象大肆泛滥,造成东汉中后期出现了比较严重的性比例失调问题以来,以于吉、宫崇、襄楷等人为代表的"太平道",试图利用包含有"兴国广嗣之术"的《太平清领书》去挽救东汉政权的颓势;然而,东汉统治者不但没有正视这些民间知识阶层的政治诉求,反而将《太平清领书》视为妖妄之书,并束之高阁;以后,该书的内容颇为张角所用,不仅掀起了轰轰烈烈的黄巾起义,而且也开启了汉晋时期道教的建立和以"兴国广嗣之术"为主旨的道教由民间信仰逐步走向国教的发展历程。

Since the middle of Eastern Han Dynasty(25-220),there prevailed the phenomenon of killing women cruelly,leading to the unbalanced proportion of male and female population.With Yu Ji,Gong Chong and Xiang Kai as representative figures,Taiping Dao attempted to save Eastern Han with Black Scarf Book of Supreme Peace,which recorded the method of revitalizing the nation.However,the Eastern Han authority neglected these political appeals of common intellectuals and treated the book as a devil one.Later,Zhang Jiao made use of the contents of the book:he not only started the yellow scarf uprising but also made Taosim change from folk belief into a national belief.