北京房山世界地质公园岩溶景观特色

Karst Features of FangshanWorld Geopark

北京房山世界地质公园是以岩溶洞穴景观和峰丛地貌景观为主题的地质公园。大石河流域发育中奥陶统马家沟组石灰岩,自上而下,依次发育鸡毛洞、银狐洞、石花洞和孔水洞,由一条地下暗河将其连为一个洞系,其水源补给点在大石河上游,排泄点为孔水洞。周口店猿人遗址属于中奥陶统马家沟组岩溶洞穴。拒马河流域发育中元古界雾速山组白云岩,岩溶洞穴包括云水洞、仙栖洞、龙仙宫和三清洞,均属唐县期夷平面时期的产物。拒马河流域地层平缓的中元古界雾速山组峰丛地貌区东从张坊起,西至大沙地,南临笔架山,北抵石人峰,流域面积395km^2,其中碳酸盐岩岩石面积占360km^2,山体上部的岩石被溶解,形成峰丛地貌景观。

Fangshan World Geopark in Beijing is a park with karst cave and peak cluster landscapes as the themed. Limestones of the Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation are developed in the Dashi River drainage area. From the upper to the lower river, there are the Jimao Cave, Yinhu Cave, Shihua Cave and Kongshui Cave, connected into a cave system by an underground river. This underground river is recharged at the upper Dashi River and discharged at the Kongshui Cave. The Zhoukoudian Homo erectus pekinensis Site belongs to the karst caves of the Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation. Dolomites of the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation are developed in the Juma River drainage area, and the karst caves include the Yunshui Cave, Xianqi Cave, Longxiangong Cave and Sanqing Cave, all of which are products of planation in the Tangxian period. The peak cluster landscape area starts east from Zhangfang, west to Dashadi;south from Bijia Mountain, north to Shiren Peak. The drainage area is 395 km^2, in which carbonate rocks cover an area of 360 km^2. There are 2 special species of animals Skleroprotopus membranipedalis and Myotis ricketti and 5 special species of plants with the name of Baihuashan （Sorbus pauhuashanensis, Bupleurum chinense F. octoradiatum, Vitis baihuashanensis, Roegneria turczaninowii var. pohuashanensis and Carex capillaries Var. pohuashanensis）in the area.