食管癌及癌前病变组织中WAF-1和P53的变化

Alterations of WAF 1 and P53 in human esophageal cancerous and precancerous lesions

采用卵白素生物素过氧化物酶复合物（ＡＢＣ）法，检测食管癌高发区居民食管癌变过程中肿瘤抑制基因ＷＡＦ１和Ｐ５３的变化。结果：在食管正常上皮和各级不同病变组织中，均可见ＷＡＦ１和Ｐ５３在细胞核内的表达，随病变进展到间变和鳞癌，ＷＡＦ１免疫阳性率逐渐降低。从正常到基底细胞增生，ＷＡＦ１免疫阳性细胞数轻度升高，但到间变和鳞癌阶段，ＷＡＦ１免疫阳性细胞数未见进一步升高。在正常上皮和基底细胞增生阶段，ＷＡＦ１免疫阳性细胞数少于Ｐ５３免疫阳性细胞，在间变和癌阶段更低。ＷＡＦ１免疫阳性细胞主要位于基底细胞第３、４层，比Ｐ５３免疫阳性细胞高２～４个细胞层。提示：间变时低水平的ＷＡＦ１可能与Ｐ５３功能丧失有关。在间变和癌时ＷＡＦ１低表达的机理尚需进一步研究。

The changes of tumor suppressor gene WAF 1 and P53 in esophageal carcinogenesis were determined from the subjects in the high incidence area of esophageal cancer with avidin biotin peroxidase complex(ABC) method.The results showed that the expression of WAF 1 and P53 in cell nuclei was noticed in the normal esophageal epithelia and the epithelia with different degrees of the lesions,With the lesions progressing from dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma,the rate of WAF 1 positive immunoreactivity gradually decreased.From normal to basal cell hyperplasia,the number of WAF 1 positive staining cells slightly increased,but no further increase was observed in the period from dysplasia to sqamous cell carcinoma.The number of WAF 1 positive cells was lower than that of P53 positive cells in the period of normal esophageal epithelia and basal cell hyperplasia,and much lower in the period of dysplasia and cancer.WAF 1 positive cells were chiefly located at the third and the forth basal cell layers in about half of the subjects with basal cell hyperplasia and dysplaisa;the site was 2 to 4 cell layers higher than that of P53.The present results indicate that the lower level of WAF 1 in dysplasia may be due to the function loss of P53.The mechanism of low WAF 1 level in the period of dysplasia and cancer remain to be further studied.