美国大都市区划分指标体系的百年演变

The Centennial History of Standards for Defining the Metropolitan Areas in America

美国大都市区划分指标体系已有近百年历史,从数据可比性和指标体系繁简性角度,可将其划分为形成、发展和成熟三个阶段,并从中央核、流测度、大都市区特征和基本地理单元四个方面,对三个阶段指标体系的特征分别进行了分析。在此基础之上,本文对三阶段指标体系特征进行了比较研究,归纳出7点可供借鉴的规律:与郊区化发展阶段相对应、与大都市区发展阶段相对应、总体设计思路保持一致、中央核人口规模门槛值降低、流测度指标不可或缺、大都市区特征逐步弱化和以县为基本地理单元。

The standards for defining Metropolitan Areas in America have a history of nearly one hundred years and their development can be divided into three stages： formation, development and maturity, from the angle of the possibility of comparison and the complexity of these standards. This paper analyses and compares the features of these stages in four aspects： central core, data of flow, metropolitan character and geographical units, and gets seven rules for reference, namely the corresponding development of suburbanization and Metropolitan Areas, the cohesion of the general designing guidance, the decrease in the minor values of the population scale in the central core, the necessity of the data of flow, the weakening roles of the Metropolitan Areas and the insistence on the principle of taking the county as a geographical unit.