脂肪间质干细胞多系分化潜能及应用前景

Multi-differentiation potential and application prospect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells

学术背景:脂肪间质干细胞是一类可以自我更新和多向分化的成体干细胞,体内外在一定诱导条件下,可以向脂肪、骨、软骨、肌肉、神经等组织类型的细胞分化,具有广阔的临床应用前景和研究价值。目的:综述脂肪间质干细胞的多系分化研究进展。检索策略:由该论文的研究人员应用计算机检索Pubmed数据库1999-01/2007-07的相关文献,检索词"adipose tissue-derived stem cell,cell differentiation,stem cell",并限定文章语言种类为English。共检索到104篇文献,对资料进行初审,纳入标准:①文章所述内容应与脂肪间质干细胞密切相关。②同一领域选择近期发表或在权威杂志上发表的文章。排除标准:①重复性研究。②Meta分析。文献评价:文献的来源主要是通过对脂肪间质干细胞多系分化潜能及应用前景方面内容进行汇总分析。所选用的33篇文献中,16篇为综述,其余均为临床或基础实验研究。资料综合:①人脂肪间质干细胞表型特征与骨髓间质干细胞非常相似,CD105,STRO-1和CD166是一直被用来鉴别具有多系分化潜能细胞的常用标记物。②脂肪间质干细胞来源于中胚层,与其他成体干细胞一样具有自我更新和多向分化的能力,通过体外诱导可分化为间充质系的成骨细胞、软骨细胞、成脂细胞;同时还可以跨胚层分化,即横向分化,向非间充质系的心肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、神经细胞等分化。③与其他干细胞相比,脂肪间质干细胞取材容易、数量充足、能避免引起道德争论;明显减轻患者痛苦,且患者行自体移植可克服免疫排斥;此外在体外适当条件下可导入外源基因,作为基因治疗的目的基因载体。结论:脂肪间质干细胞不仅具有多系分化潜能,还能够跨胚层分化,可作为组织工程的种子细胞来源,具有广阔的临床应用及基础研究前景,为今后的细胞治疗、基因治疗提供新视野。

BACKGROUND： Adipose tissue-derived stem cell as a kind of adult stem cell has the capacity of self-renewal and multi-differentiation, and could be induced to differentiate towards fat, bone, cartilage, muscle and nerve under specific condition. Therefore, it has promising clinical application and study values. OBJECTIVE： To review the research advances in the multi-differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. RETRIEVE STRATEGY： A computer-based online search of Pubmed database was undertaken to identify the related English articles dated from January 1999 to July 2007 with the keywords of ＂adipose tissue-derived stem cell, cell differentiation, stem cell＂. Totally 104 articles were collected, and after the first trial, articles （1）that were closely related with adipose tissue-derived stem cell and （2）published in recently or in authoritative journals of the identical field were selected. Repetitive articles and Meta analysis were excluded. LITERATURE EVALUATION： The articles about the multi-differentiation potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cell and its application were summarized. Of the 33 selected articles, 16 were review articles, and the others were clinical or basic experimental studies. DATA SYNTHESIS： （1）The phenotype of human adipose tissue-derived stem cell is similar to that of bone marrow stromal stem cells. CD105, STRO-1 and CD166 are the usual markers for the identification of cells with multi-differentiation potential. （2）Adipose tissue-derived stem cells are from mesoblast, and have the capacity of self-renewal and multi-differentiation. Moreover, they could be induced to differentiate into mesenchymal line osteoblast, chondrocyte, and lipoblast; meanwhile, they could transversally differentiate into cadiocyte, skeletal muscle cells, and neurocyte. （3）Compared to other kinds of stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells have abundant resources and quantities, and could avoid ethic dispute, help patients lessen their pain. Moreover, the autografting could limit immuno rejection. In addition, the exogenous gene could be induced under appropriate condition to act as the target gene vector in gene therapy. CONCLUSION： Adipose tissue-derived stem cells have the potentials of multi-differentiation and transversal differentiation, and could serve as the source of seed cells in tissue engineering. Therefore, they have a promising prospect in clinical application and basic research, and could provide new field for cell therapy and gene therapy.