中国妇科学的源流和发展

Development of Obstetrics and Gynecology in China

中国古代重视产育。《黄帝内经》中对女性解剖生理和一些妇产科疾病已有记载。从战国始有妇产科专业医生。唐宋以前,中国医学较重产科,对难产、下胎及新生儿破伤风等均有一些防治方法。元至清朝,产科没有更多进展,而妇科诊疗技术发展较好,专著亦较多,有较系统的辨证施治,医案众多。建国四十年来,中医妇科在理论上更加系统化,出版了许多教科书和专著,并创新了不少经实验及临床验证疗效优良的方药,还建立了治疗宫外孕的中西医结合非手术疗法,以及不孕症、滑胎、盆腔炎、阴道炎等病症的中医疗法,在计划生育研究方面也有进展。

In ancient China,people attached importance to fertility and labour.In The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine,there were somedescriptions about female anatomy,physiological features and women dis-eases.As early as in Warring States Period(475-221 BC),there were specia-lists in obstetrics and gynecology.Obstetrics better developed than gyneco-logy before Song dynasty,but the latter developed quickly from Yuan toQing dynasty and had more case reports and specialized books.Since thefounding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,obstetrics and gyneco-logy have greatly developed.There have been more textbooks and articlespublished,and a lot of new formulas and therapies brought forth,especial-ly those for ectopic pregnancy,infertility,spontaneous abortion and pelvicinflammatory disease.In addition,researches on family planning has alsobeen made and a lot has been accomplished.