比较利益的分配法则——经济竞争力的决定机制研究

The Share Law of "Comparative Benefit" :Study on the Determination Mechanism of Economic Competitiveness

就本质而言,经济竞争力就是经济主体在博弈均衡状态所能赢得的比较利益分配份额,包括经济主体与其贸易伙伴之间的合作性竞争能力(即经济"合争力")和经济主体与其同行之间的非合作性竞争能力(即经济"分争力")两个方面。在没有同行竞争者的情况下,分工双方的经济竞争力("合争力"),在总量水平上总是势均力敌,而在要素平均水平上则与双方的总投入水平成反比(亦即与生产率水平成正比)。在存在同行竞争者的情况下,各方的竞争力主要与同行竞争者之间的合作程度和生产率水平这两大因素有关;但就同行竞争者之间的"分争力"而言,生产率水平仍然是最重要的决定因素。

The essence of economic competitiveness of an agent is how much it can share from the ＂Comparative Benefit＂, which represents the net added gain resulted from the division and trade between it and its partners according to their comparative advantage, in economic activities. So, competitiveness includes two kinds of capacities： one is the cooperative competitiveness between the agent and its partners （namely, economic coopetitiveness ）, the other is the non-cooperative competitiveness between the player and its craftmen （ namely, economic dispetitiveness ）. With no consideration of the existence of craft competitor, the competitiveness of the agent related to its partner （i. e. coopetitiveness here） is constantly 1 ： 1 according to their gross level, and just determined by the productivities of itself and its partner in terms of their average level shared by per unit of factor inputs. If the player and its partner all have craft competitors, the competitiveness of any of them is mainly related to the cooperation degree of all the craft competitors in the industry, and, certainly, the productivities of all players. But, as for the dispetitiveness of it with its craft brothers, the productivities of them are still the most important determinants.