美国中小学教师队伍开放化建设的新模式——美国“教学过渡规划”的内容与实施

New Model for the Opening Construction of American Teachers in Elementary and Secondary Schools——Content and Implementation of American "Transition to Teaching"

中小学教师短缺与整体质量欠佳,一直是制约美国基础教育健康发展的主要瓶颈之一,其直接原因是封闭的教师教育模式培养迟缓和专业训练不足所致。为了从根本上扭转这一困局,美国国会在《不让一个孩子掉队》法案中专项设立了"教学过渡规划"。联邦政府据此启动了教师队伍开放化建设新模式:符合法定条件的参与机构为贫困地区和短缺学科直接招募、再培训和充实具备高资格的教师。现已在充实贫困地区和短缺学科教师队伍规模及其质量提升方面初见成效。

The shortage and lower quality of teachers of elementary and secondary schools is always one of the main bottlenecks which restrict the healthy development of American basic education. The direct reason is the slow development of training and the deficient specialty of the closed teacher education model. In order to change this dilemma, the Congress of the United States specially set the ＂Transition To Teaching＂ in the No Child Left Behind Act. Thus the United States initiated the new model for the opening construction of American teachers ,which means that the institutes which are in poor areas and have the shortage of teachers in some subjecis can recruit, retrain and substantiate high qualified teachers directly. Now the ＂Transition To Teaching＂ has had some effect in the substantiation of teachers in poor areas as well as some subjects in shortage of teachers and the enhancement of teacher quality.