协商还是博弈?——对“欧洲制宪会议”的考察

Deliberation or Bargaining:An Analysis on the Convention on the Future of Europe

"欧洲制宪会议"上体现出来的诸多协商色彩使它与过去决定欧洲一体化进程的政府间会议有很大的不同。"制宪会议"中的协商与美国费城制宪会议中的区别是,它的范围超过了一国;与此同时,它与国际组织平台上政府间会议的协商也不同,它有很强的宪政意义。本文对协商的定义进行了梳理,介绍沟通交往理论和说辞理论有关协商和博弈的论述,总结出协商的衡量标准。随后由理论到个案,对"制宪会议"中出现了怎样的协商,从组织构成、气氛和制度设置三个方面进行详细的描述。在描述过程中笔者同时尝试回答欧洲一体化进程中,为什么会发生政府间会议博弈到"制宪会议"协商的形式转变。最后指出"欧洲制宪会议"协商存在的局限性。

The feature of deliberation demonstrated in the Convention on the Future of Europe made it different from the inter-governmental conferences throughout the European integration process in the past. The difference between the deliberation in the Convention and that of the Federal Convention on Philadelphia Conference in 1787 is that the former goes beyond one country. Meanwhile, different from the inter-governmental conferences in the international organization platform, the Convention is constitutional. The article firstly clarifies the definition of deliberation, introduces deliberation and bargain concept in Communicative theory and Rhetoric theory and generalizes the gauge of deliberation. The article then moves from theory to case study, and gives a detailed account of the deliberation in the Convention in the perspectives of structure, atmosphere and institute setting. The author tries to seek the reason for the transformation from bargain in inter-governmental conferences during the European integration process to deliberation in the Convention. Finally, the author points out the limitation of deliberation in the Convention.