隔代教养幼儿的心理健康状况调查

Investigation on the Mental Health of Preschoolers Reared by Their Grandparents

目的:探讨隔代教养幼儿的心理健康状况。方法:采用自编幼儿心理健康状况测查问卷调查了359位幼儿的教养人。结果:隔代教养幼儿比父母教养、父母和祖父母共同教养的幼儿表现出更多的情绪问题(2.30±0.19/2.63±0.14、2.60±0.20,F=124.44,P<0.001)、行为障碍(2.29±0.24/2.65±0.18,2.60±0.30,F=79.03,P<0.001)、性格缺陷(2.17±0.21/2.52±0.19,2.44±0.26,F=79.25,P<0.000)、人际交往缺陷(2.42±0.33/2.88±0.28、2.76±0.26,F=80.68,P<0.001)和适应性较差(2.42±0.29/2.77±0.23,2.73±0.25,F=67.52,P<0.001)。隔代教养幼儿在性格缺陷、人际交往缺陷、适应性差几个因子上的得分和心理健康总均分上存在显著的年龄差异(F=5.048,P<0.01;F=40.556,P<0.01;F=7.443,P<0.01;F=14.443,P<0.01),表现为随着年龄的增长,心理健康状况有所提高和改善。幼儿男孩的行为问题多于女孩(2.24±0.21/2.33±0.25,t=2.135,P<0.05),幼儿在心理健康状况的其他方面不存在性别差异。结论:隔代教养不利于幼儿的心理健康。

Objective： To study the mental health of preschoolers reared by their grandparents. Methods： Using the Mental Health Checklist for preschoolers, a sample of 359 persons who reared preschoolers was tested. Results： Preschoolers reared by their grandparents had more emotion problems （ 2. 3 ± 0. 2 ）, behavioral disorders （ 2. 3 ± 0. 2 ）, character limitations （ 2.2 ± 0.2 ）, intercourse limitations （ 2.4 ± 0. 3 ）and adaptability problems （ 2.4 ± 0. 3 ）than those reared by their parents only or parents and grandparents together （2.6 ± 0. 1, 2. 6 ± 0. 2, F =124.44, P〈0.001; 2.7 ±0.2, 2.6 ±0.3, F=79.03, P〈0.001; 2.5 ±0.2, 2.4 ±0.3, F=79.25, P〈 0.001;2.9±0.3,2.8±0.3, F=80.68, P〈0.001;2.8±0.2, 2.7±0.3, F=67.52, P〈0.001） . The grade differences of the factor scores of the character, intercourse and adaptability and the total average score of mental health were all significang （F=5.048, P〈0.01; F=40.556, P〈0.01; F=7.443, P〈0.01; F= 14.443, P〈 0. 01 ） . The mental health of preschoolers reared by their grandparents had been improved with age increasing. Behavioral problems of male preschoolers were more than that of female preschoolers 2.2 ±0. 2/2. 3 ±0. 3 （ t =2. 14, P 〈 0. 05 ）, and in the other aspects of mental health of preschoolers, there were no gender difference. Conclusion： Childrearing by their grandparents is not benefit to the mental health of preschoolers.