对我国高水平举重运动员的调查：理想比赛心理状态的特点及其影响因素

Investigation on Chinese Elite Weight-lifting Athletes:Mental State of Optimal Competition and Factors Perceived to Have Influenced Their Mental State of Optimal Competition

采用质性研究方法,对我国17位高水平举重运动员进行了访谈,结果发现我国高水平举重运动员理想比赛心理状态表现为:高自信、集中注意、表现良好、理想的唤醒水平、明确的目标、忘我和高比赛欲望。最佳身体准备、理想的环境条件、赛前获得理想情绪唤醒水平、赛前对自己的表现感觉良好、自信和积极的思维、恰当的行动动机、赛前和赛中充分的准备和计划,注意力集中和运动经验9个因素有助于我国高水平举重运动员形成理想比赛心理状态。不理想的身体准备、不理想的环境条件、非理想情绪唤醒水平、不恰当的自信和消极的思维、不恰当的动机水平、不恰当的注意、赛前准备出现问题和表现糟糕是阻碍我国高水平举重运动员获得理想比赛心理状态的8个因素。

Mental state of optimal competition and factors influencing the occurrence of optimal mental state in elite athletes are the important research areas of sport psychology.Through using the method of qualitative research,Seventeen athletes were interviewed.The result showed that the perceived characteristics of mental state of optimal competition were high confidence, focus,unambiguous feedback,optimal arousal level and clear goal,loss of self-consciousness and high desire of competition.The factors perceived to facilitate mental state of optimal competition were：optimal physical preparation and readiness,optimal environmental and situational conditions,achieving optimal emotional arousal level before compete,performance feeling good before compete,confidence and positive attitude,sound motivation to perform,pre-competitive and competitive plans and preparation,focus and experience.The factors perceived to prevent mental state of optimal competition were non-optimal physical preparation and readiness,non- optimal environmental and situational conditions,non-optimal emotional arousal level,unreasonable confidence and negative thoughts,unreasonable motivation to perform,inappropriate focus, problems with pre-competitive preparation and performance going poorly.