小肠出血的病因和诊断

Etiology and diagnosis of small intestinal bleeding

小肠出血的病因较复杂,临床上常表现为原因不明的消化道出血,诊断比较困难.目前常用的诊断方法有纤维内镜、气钡双重对比造影、选择性动脉造影、核素显像和螺旋CT等.双气囊小肠镜、胶囊内镜的应用,为小肠出血的诊断提供了新的手段.尽管如此多的先进检查方法,一些病例仍不能明确病因,需要作腹腔镜检查或剖腹探查.本文对小肠出血的病因分类及各种诊断方法的优缺点进行综述,为小肠出血的病因分析及临床决策提供参考.

The etiology of intestinal bleeding is complicated and its diagnosis is relatively difficult because clinical symptoms and signs commonly obscure alimentary tract bleeding. Present diagnostic methods include enteroscopy, barium and air double contrast X-ray examination, selective angiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and helical computed tomography. Application of doubleballoon enteroscopy and wireless capsule endoscopy offers new methods for the diagnosis of small intestinal bleeding. Such patients sometimes still need to undergo laparoscopy or exploration laparotomy even when advanced investigation methods are used. This paper reviews the etiology of small intestinal bleeding and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of different diagnostic methods to provide clinicians with a reference for etiological analysis and clinical determination of small intestinal bleeding.