椎间盘退变动物模型的研究进展

RESEARCH ADVANCES IN ANIMAL MODELS OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION

目的对国内外建立椎间盘退变动物模型的研究进展进行综述。方法广泛查阅近年来国内外有关椎间盘退变动物模型的文献,对不同的建模方法进行分类和综合分析。结果椎间盘退变的动物模型分为两大类:诱发性和自发性椎间盘退变模型。其中前者可分别通过改变椎间盘生物力学环境、损伤椎间盘自身结构以及用基因技术改变动物的遗传性状来诱发退变。在各类建模方法中,以鼠或兔制作的诱发性椎间盘退变模型应用最为广泛。结论椎间盘退变的动物模型是研究椎间盘退变性疾病发病机制的一种重要手段,同时为退变椎间盘的修复研究提供良好的实验载体。虽然目前报道的各类模型均具有一定的局限性,但随着动物模型和人类椎间盘退变之间的相关性和可比性逐渐明确,其在椎间盘退变性疾病的研究中具有广阔应用前景。

Objective To review the research advances in animal models of human disc degeneration. Methods The relative articles in recent years were extensively reviewed. Studies both at home and abroad were analyzed and classified. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared. Results Studies were classified as either experimentally induced models or spontaneous models. The induced models were subdivided as mechanical （alteration of forces on the normal disc）, structural （injury or chemical alteration） and genetically induced models. Spontaneous models included those animals that naturally developed degenerative disc disease. Conclusion Animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration is an important path for revealing the pathogenesis of human disc degeneration, and play an important role in testing novel interventions. With recent advances in the relevance of animal models and humans, it has a great orosoect in study of human disc degeneration.