乳化液膜法迁移及分离Pb(Ⅱ)的研究

Studies on transport and separation of Pb(Ⅱ) by the emulsion liquid membrane

为了探求乳化液膜法迁移铅（Pb（Ⅱ））的最佳条件，采用磷酸三丁酯-Span80-液体石蜡-煤油乳化液膜体系研究了Pb（Ⅱ）的迁移行为，探讨了膜相组成、外水相pH、内水相酸度、乳水比、Pb（Ⅱ）起始浓度对Pb（Ⅱ）迁移率的影响，确定了最佳迁移条件，并在此条件下对含Pb（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）废水进行了处理。结果表明，磷酸三丁酯-Span80-液体石蜡-煤油乳化液膜体系迁移、分离Pb（Ⅱ）的最佳条件为：体积分数6．0％Span80、体积分数8．0％TBP、体积分数5．0％液体石蜡、体积分数81％煤油，内水相H2S04浓度为1．0mol／L，油内比Roi．为1．0，乳水比R。为0．2，外水相pH为3．5～4．0，迁移时间为20min，在此条件下Pb（Ⅱ）的迁移率可达99．6％；含Pb（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）废水经处理后，Pb（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）含量均可降至1．0mg／L，低于国家排放标准。

In order to explore the optimum condition of transition of Pb（ Ⅱ ）, the transfer behavior of Pb（ Ⅱ ） through the emulsion liquid membrane system of TBP-Span80-atoleine-kerosene was studied. The study analyzed the effect of Pb（ Ⅱ ） transport rate of membrane phase component,pH values in external aqueous phase,acidness in internal aqueous phase, rew and concentration of metal ions in external aqueous phase. In the case of the optimal technological conditions,the waste water of Pb（ Ⅱ ）,Cu（ Ⅱ ） and Ni（ Ⅱ ） was treated. The results showed that the optimal conditions of transport and separation of Pb （ Ⅱ ） were volume fraction 5.0% ,Span80,volume fraction 8.0%TBP,volume fraction 5.0% atoleine,volume fraction 81%kerosene, H2SO4 concentration 1.0 mol/L in internal aqueous phase, Roi 1.0, Rew 0. 2, pH values 3.5--4.0 in external aqueous phase and transfer time of 20 min through the emulsion liquid membrane system of TBP-Span80-atoleine-kerosene. On this condition, the transport rate of Pb（ Ⅱ ） could reach 99.6%. Treating Pb（ Ⅱ ） ,Cu（ Ⅱ ） and Ni（ Ⅱ ） in the waste water could be reduced to 1.0 mg/L,below the demanded disposal standard.