广州市大、中学生吸烟、饮酒及药物滥用现状及原因分析

Analysis of Causes and Status Quo of Smoking, Drinking and Drug Abuse Among College and Middle School Students in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市大、中学生对精神活性物质的知、信、行现状,为进行学生健康教育提供参考。方法采取随机整体抽样方法对广州市两所中学(广州市真光中学、广州市同和中学)和广州市两所高等院校(广州医学院、广州大学)进行自填问卷调查。结果在对精神活性药物的知识态度方面,中学生认识比大学生差,对精神活性药物的使用方面:有21.0%的学生尝试过吸烟,有6.4%的学生是经常性吸烟,有74.0%的学生尝试过饮酒,有过其他药物滥用行为的学生的比例高达5.9%,大学生发生吸烟、饮酒和药物滥用情况的比例明显高于中学生,其中男生的比例明显高于女生,性别、年级之间差异有显著性(P<0.05);精神活性物质滥用的主要原因是"好奇"和"从众",烟、酒及其他药物滥用者中感到身体受到了损害的分别有20.4%、12.3%和55.0%。结论广州市大、中学生中发生吸烟、饮酒和其他精神药物滥用的情况已不容忽视,提倡在大、中学生中开展个性化健康教育来预防和控制精神活性物质滥用行为。

Objective To collect the information of psychoactive drug KAP among college and middle school students in Guangzhou and to provide evidences for health education policy making. Method A total of 2,500 students in 2 colleges and 2 middle schools of Guangzhou were investigated by the questionnaire. Results College student＇s attitude in psychoactive drug was better than middle school student＇s. Among the surveyed students, 21.0% experienced smoking, 6.4 % smoked regularly, 74.0 % experienced drinking, and 5.9 % used illegal drugs. College students and boys had higher rates of tobacco, alcohol and addictive drug use than middle school students and girls. The main reason of using psychoactive drug was curiosity and peer influence, it was found that 20.4% tobacco abusers, 12.3% alcohol abusers and 55.0% other psychoactive drug abusers were physically injured. Conclusions Incidence of psychoactive drug abuse among college and middle school students is at the high level. It is necessary to develop health education in accordance with their characteristics, and implement individual intervention in preventing and controlling their unhealthy behaviors.