凯里市2001-2006年食品及公共场所从业人员乙型肝炎检测结果分析

Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Rate of Employees in Food Industry and Public Places in Kaili City From 2001 to 2006

目的为了解凯里市食品及公共场所从业人员乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)携带状况,为公共卫生监督提供依据。方法对2001-2006年到我中心进行健康体检的19383名从业人员采血用ELISA法检测乙肝感染指标。结果6年HBsAg阳性率为4.06%,其中男性(5.27%)高于女性(3.46%);20岁以下年龄组HBsAg阳性率最高(5.89%),随着年龄的增加,阳性率有降低的趋势;从民族来看HBsAg阳性率最高的是苗族(5.81%),最低的是汉族(2.56%);从文化程度来看HBsAg阳性率最高的是具有初中及以下学历的从业人员(4.68%)。2001-2003年有52.79%体检HBsAg阳性者进行两对半检测,将近1/3的受检者(为模式1、3)正处于急性乙肝病毒(HBV)感染或复制期,2004-2006年有65.56%HBsAg阳性者进行HBeAg检测。结论为了阻断HBV传播,首先,必须加强卫生监督执法和监测工作,对查出具有传染性的人员必须调离该工种;其二,定期进行卫生知识培训;其三,要立法对HBsAg阴性者进行乙肝疫苗的强制接种;其四,加强餐饮娱乐场所环境和物品的消毒和监测。

Objective To survey the HBsAg positive rate of the employees in the food industry and public places of Kaili, and to offer more credible evidences to health supervision. Methods Blood samples of 19,383 employees of the food industry and public places were examined by Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Qiandongnan Prefecture from 2001 to 2006, HBsAg was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results The positive rate of HBsAg was 4.06 %, the males （5.27 % ） was higher than the females （3.46 % ）. The HBsAg positive rate in the age group under 20 years （5.89%） was relatively higher, while the positive rate of HBsAg was lower in the older age group. The HBsAg positive rate of Miao nationality （5.81% ） was the highest and the Han （2.56 % ） was the least. Employees graduated from junior middle school or primary school showed higher HBsAg positive rate （4.68 % ）. About 52.79 % of the HBsAg positive cases examined for HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb. There were almost 1/3 employees who were in period of HBV active replication during 2001 --2003; and 65.56% of the HBsAg positive cases examined HBeAg, the positive rate of HBeAg was 35.02%. Conclusions To control HBV transmission, we must strengthen the public health supervision, develop the health education among the employees in the food industry and public places, implement HBV vaccination programme in HBsAg negative population, and enhance the disinfection and supervision of the surroundings and goods of the food industry and public places.