北京地区冰雹发生的时空分布特征

Temporal and spatial characteristics of hail distribution in Beijing aera

利用北京地区1978—2006年冰雹发生数据资料,统计分析了在全球气候变化背景和人工消雹降雨影响天气的共同作用下,北京地区冰雹发生的时空分布特征。结果表明:北京地区冰雹具有明显的年、季、月和日变化特征;从多年平均情况看,冰雹发生频率和雹日都是山区多于城区,山区又以西北部最多、东部和西部次之、南部最少的空间特征。最后根据北京地区冰雹分布特征和冰雹对小麦、玉米和果树等主要农作物生产的主要影响提出了应对冰雹的防灾减灾对策。

Hail is a major natural calamity that is harmful to crops and often causes heavy losses in agricultural production. In this article, countermeasures are proposed to reduce the damage. Based on data from 20 meteorological stations in Beijing between 1978 and 2006, statistical analyses on spatial-temporal characteristics of hail distribution were made. The results showed marked temporal and spatial characteristics of hail in Beijing. The yearly, seasonal and daily variations were evident. SpatiaLly, the high-frequency hail disaster occured mainly in mountainous areas rather than urban areas. In Beijing, the northeastern part is much more likely to have hail storms than the southern area. Possible countermeasures are proposed based on hail distribution and specific influence on crops.